Dene Suline language 

Dene Suline
ᑌᓀᓱᒼᕄᓀ Dëne Sųłiné
Spoken in: Canada 
Region: Northern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba; southern Northwest Territories and Nunavut
Total speakers: 11,895 1
Language family: Dené-Yeniseian
 Na-Dené
  Athabaskan-Eyak
   Athabaskan
    Northern Athabaskan
     Dene Suline
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: chp
ISO 639-3: chp

Dene Suline (also Dëne Sųłiné, Dene Sųłiné, Chipewyan, Dene Suliné, Dëne Suliné, Dene Soun’liné or just Dene) is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of central Canada. It is a part of the Athabaskan family and therefore related to the Navajo language. Dene Suline has over 11,000 speakers in Canada, mostly in Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories, 1 but only has official status in the Northwest Territories alongside 8 other aboriginal languages: Cree, Dogrib, Gwichʼin, Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey and South Slavey.2

Contents

Sounds

Consonants

The 39 consonants of Dene Suline:

  Bilabial Inter-
dental
Dental Post-
alveolar
Velar/Uvular Glottal
central lateral plain labial
Nasal m m   n n          
Plosive plain b p   d t     g k gw  
aspirated     t     k kw kʷʰ  
ejective         kwʼ kʼʷ ɂ ʔ
Affricate plain   ddh dz ts dl j      
aspirated   tth tθʰ ts tsʰ tɬʰ ch tʃʰ      
ejective   tthʼ tθʼ tsʼ tsʼ tłʼ tɬʼ chʼ tʃʼ      
Fricative voiceless   th θ s s ł ɬ sh ʃ hh χ hhw χʷ h h
voiced   dh ð z z l ɮ zh ʒ gh ʁ ghw ʁʷ  
Trill     r r          

The "velar" fricatives are actually uvular.

Vowels

Dene Suline has vowels of 6 differing qualities.

  Front Central Back
Close i i   u u
Close-mid ë/e e   o o
Open-mid e ɛ    
Open   a a  

Most vowels can be either

As a result, Dene Suline has 18 phonemic vowels:

  Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close oral i     u
nasal ĩ ĩː     ũ ũː
Close-mid e       o  
Open-mid oral ɛ ɛː        
nasal ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː        
Open oral     a    
nasal     ã ãː    

Dene Suline also has 9 oral and nasal diphthongs of the form vowel + /j/.

  Front Central Back
oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal
Close         uj ũj
Mid ej ẽj əj   oj õj
Open     aj ãj    

Tone

Dene Suline has two tones:

References

  1. ^ a b Statistics Canada: 2006 Census
  2. ^ Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988 (as amended 1988, 1991-1992, 2003)

See also

External links

Bibliography