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Hermes da Fonseca |
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Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca
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| In office November 15, 1910 – November 15, 1914 |
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| Vice President | Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes |
| Preceded by | Nilo Peçanha |
| Succeeded by | Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes |
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| Born | May 12, 1855 São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul |
| Died | September 9, 1923 (aged 68) Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Political party | None |
Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (May 12, 1855 - September 9, 1923) was a Brazilian soldier and politician. The nephew of Deodoro da Fonseca, the first Brazilian President, he was War Minister in 1906. In 1910, he was elected as the 8th president of Brazil, serving until 1914.
He was on an official visit to Portugal when the revolution that overthrew the Portuguese monarchy and replaced it with a new republican regime took place.
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His father was from Alagoas who served in the brazilian armed forces was transferred to São Gabriel. Hermes was born in there in 1855. When his father was send to the War of the Triple Alliance, the family returned to Rio de Janeiro.
In 1871, at 16, he got his bachelor's degree in Science and Letters and enrolled in the Military Academy where he was student to Benjamin Constant, an introducer of the ideas of August Comte in Brazil, and did not escape his professors influence, even while not becoming an orthodox positivist. When he graduated, he served as aide-de-camp to Gaston, comte d'Eu.
He was a supporter of the republic proclaimed by his uncle Deodoro da Fonseca and was invited by the latter to be camp assistant and military secretary after the coup. During the Revolta da Armada (1893) he proved his worth in the command of the defense of Floriano Peixoto's government. He headed the Police Brigade of Rio de Janeiro from 1899 to 1904, when he assumed command of the Military Academy of Realengo.
As commander of the Academy he fought against the Vaccine Revolt. He was promoted to Marshall. He performed various jobs until becoming Minister of War during Campos Sales.
In November 1908 he was pointed to for the succession. Counting with the support of Nilo Peçanha and all states other than São Paulo and Bahia.
For the first time in republican history there was an actual campaign with the "civilista" campaign running in open election against Hermes da Fonseca.
Once elected, he traveled to Europe, where he was witness to the fall of monarchy in portugal
Among the events of his presidency were the Chibata Revolt and the Contestado War. Renegotiation of Brazil's National debt meant a second funding loan was set up.
After leaving the presidency, in November of 1914, he ran for the senate for Rio Grande do Sul, but refused to take the position due to the assasination of Pinheiro Machado in september of 1915. He traveled to Europe, and only returned to Brazil after living in Switzerland for six years, when a new presidential campaign was underway.
Warmly welcomed by the military men, he was led to the presidency of the Military Club in 1921. It was in this condition that he was envolved in the 18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt.
| Preceded by Nilo Peçanha |
President of Brazil 1910–1914 |
Succeeded by Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes |
See also: List of Presidents of Brazil
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