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Peterborough, Ontario |
| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) |
| City of Peterborough, Ontario | |||
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| Nickname(s): "The Electric City" | |||
| Motto: Dat natura, elaborant artes (Nature Provides, Industry Develops) |
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| Map of Ontario with Peterborough indicated with a red dot | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Canada |
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| Province | Ontario |
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| County | Peterborough County | ||
| Established | 1819 - Scott's Plains | ||
| Incorporated as town | 1850 - Peterborough | ||
| Incorporated as city | July 1, 1905 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Paul Ayotte | ||
| - MP | Dean Del Mastro (CPC) | ||
| - MPP | Jeff Leal (OLP) | ||
| Area 123 | |||
| - City | 58.40 km² (22.5 sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 70.82 km² (27.3 sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 1 505.56 km² (581.3 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 195 m (640 ft) | ||
| Population (2006)123 | |||
| - City | 74,898 | ||
| - Density | 1,282.6/km² (3,321.9/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 76,925 | ||
| - Metro | 116,570 | ||
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) | ||
| Postal code span | K9H, K9J, K9K, K9L | ||
| Area code(s) | 705 | ||
| Pop. Change (2001 – 2006): 4.8% Dwellings: 33,042¹ ¹ According to the Canada 2006 Census |
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| Website: http://www.peterborough.ca | |||
Peterborough is a city on the Otonabee River in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of Toronto. The population of the City of Peterborough was 74,898 in the 2006 census, while the census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 116 570. It presently ranks as the 33rd and smallest CMA in Canada. The current mayor of Peterborough is Paul Ayotte.
Peterborough is known as the gateway to the "cottage country" of the Kawarthas, a large recreational region of the province. The city is the seat of Peterborough County.
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First Nations groups followed retreating glaciers into the area 11,000 years ago. Woodland Natives inhabited the area circa 1000 BC to AD 1000, followed by Iroquois and Mississaugas circa 1740.
In 1615, Samuel de Champlain traveled through the area, coming down from Lake Chemong and portaging down a trail, which is approximated by present day Chemong Road, to the Otonabee River4. and stayed for a brief time near the present-day site of Bridgenorth, just north of Peterborough.
In 1818, Adam Scott settled on the west shore of the Otonabee River. The following year he began construction of a sawmill and gristmill, establishing the area as Scott's Plains. The mill was located at the foot of present day King Street and was powered by water from Jackson Creek.
1825 marked the arrival of 1,878 Irish immigrants from the city of Cork. In 1822, the British Parliament had approved an experimental emigration plan to transport poor Irish families to Upper Canada. The scheme was managed by Peter Robinson, at the time a politician in York (present-day Toronto). Scott's Plains was re-named Peterborough in his honour.
In 1845, Sandford Fleming, inventor of Standard Time and designer of Canada's first postage stamp, moved to the city to live with Dr. John Hutchison and his family, staying until 1847. Dr. John Hutchison was one of Peterborough's first resident doctors.
Peterborough was incorporated as a town in 1850 (population 2,191). Beginning in the late 1850s, a substantial canoe building industry grew up in and around Peterborough. The Peterborough Canoe Company was founded in 1893, with the factory being built on the site of the original Adam Scott mill. By 1930, 25% of all employees in the boat building industry in Canada worked in the Peterborough area. The period from 1928-36 saw the establishment of the Johnson Motor Company/Outboard Marine (the makers of motorized boat engines) as an outgrowth of the original industry.
Peterborough would also see extensive industrial growth as the city was one of the first places in the country to begin generating hydro electrical power (even before the plants at Niagara Falls). Companies like Edison General Electric Company (later Canadian General Electric) and America Cereal Company (later to become Quaker Oats, and in 2001 PepsiCo, Inc.), opened to take advantage of this new cheap resource.
In 1904, the village of Ashburnham (founded in 1859), on the east shore of the Otonabee River, was annexed to Peterborough. This area of the city is still referred to as "East City" by local residents. It is sometimes regarded as a separate entity to Peterborough, with residents referring to local businesses and homes as being in "East City", as opposed to the main bulk of the city. Peterborough was incorporated as a city on Dominion Day—July 1, 1905 (population 14,300). The city's flag and coat of arms were adopted in 1951.
In the 1970s, the Ontario Government helped sponsor the building of Peterborough Square with the aid of the Ontario Downtown Renewal Programme (ODRP). The mall was anchored by an Eaton's store. Eaton's has since left, and the mall is currently without an anchor. The call centre ICT Group, Inc. takes up the bulk of the anchor store's vacant space.
As of 2006 the new anchor point of Peterborough Square has been the Galaxy Cinemas.
The government relocated the central office of the Ministry of Natural Resources to a site downtown (kitty corner from Peterborough Square).
Ann Arbor, Michigan became Peterborough's sister city in 1983.
Peterborough is situated in South Eastern Ontario, on the northeastern edge of the Greater Golden Horseshoe and heart of the Kawartha Lakes region in Ontario. Peterborough lies in the St. Lawrence Lowlands ecoregion in Canada, just south of the Canadian Shield and about 35 kilometres north of Lake Ontario. The city is centred around a series of rapids in the Otonabee River, approximately halfway between where it begins at Lake Katchewanooka and where it empties into Rice Lake. The urban area of Peterborough completely surrounds the only lake on the Otonabee, Little Lake, and the Trent Canal runs along the eastern edge of the city, connecting Little Lake to a section of the Otonabee above the rapids. The city also lies in the Peterborough Drumlin field, of which, a number lie within city limits. The most notable drumlins in the area include Armour Hill and Tower Hill. Approximately 15 kilometres south of the city, runs the eastern section of the Oak Ridges Moraine.
By the Köppen Climate Classification, Peterborough falls under Dfb classification, which categorizes it as a Warm Summer Continental region. Peterborough's Hardiness Zone is 5a.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | -3 (27) |
-1 (30) |
3 (37) |
12 (54) |
19 (66) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
25 (77) |
20 (68) |
13 (55) |
6 (43) |
0 (32) |
12 (54) |
| Average low °C (°F) | -14 (7) |
-13 (9) |
-6 (21) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
12 (54) |
7 (45) |
2 (36) |
-1 (30) |
-9 (16) |
0.6 (33) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (1.97) |
55 (2.17) |
66 (2.6) |
66 (2.6) |
71 (2.8) |
71 (2.8) |
69 (2.72) |
81 (3.19) |
75 (2.95) |
71 (2.8) |
77 (3.03) |
76 (2.99) |
828 (32.6) |
| Source: www.TheWeatherNetwork.ca 5 2008-10-31 | |||||||||||||
| Historical Populations6 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census year | Population | ||
| 1825 | ~1 878 | ||
| 1850 | 2 191 | ||
| 1905 | 14 300 | ||
| 1951 | 38 272 | ||
| 1986 | 61 049 | ||
| 1996 | 69 742 | ||
| 2001 | 71 446 | ||
| 2006 | 74 898 | ||
Peterborough lists as the 33rd largest urban area in Canada (14th in Ontario). The population of Peterborough in 2006 sits at the 74 898, up from 71 446 in 2001, for a growth rate of 4.8%. This is well below Ontario's overall rate of growth (6.8%) and Canada's rate of growth (5.4%)1. And at a 42.8 years of age, the median age of Peterborough residents is the fifth highest of Canada's thirty-three Census Metropolitan Areas, behind Trois-Rivières, Kelowna, Saguenay and Victoria7. Peterborough's metropolitan area population, which includes the city of Peterborough, the village of Millbrook, the village of Bridgenorth and the town of Lakefield, as well as the townships surrounding Peterborough, stood at 116 570 in 2006, up from 110 876 in 2001, resulting in a growth rate of 5.1%, suggesting a trend of greater growth outside of Peterborough city limits3.
Children under five accounted for 4.8% of the resident population of the city (Ontario 5.8%, Canada 5.6%). People of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) made up 18.1% of the resident population (Ontario 13.0%, Canada 13.2%). The average age of a person in Peterborough was 40.6 years (Ontario 37.2 years, Canada 37.6 years).
The population density of Peterborough (CMA) averaged 85.4 people per square kilometre (221.2/sq mi), compared with an average of 12.6 people per square kilometre (32.6/sq mi) for the province.
It is anticipated that the city's population will grow by approximately 20,000 in the next 10 years, reaching 98,900 by 2017.
Other urban areas in Peterborough's CMA include Millbrook, Lakefield and Bridgenorth.
| Top Eight Major Employers8 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Employer | Employment Numbers | ||
| Peterborough Regional Health Centre | 2075 | ||
| Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board | 2050 | ||
| General Electric | 1450 | ||
| City of Peterborough | 1267 | ||
| Sir Sandford Fleming College | 1100 | ||
| Ministry of Natural Resources | 895 | ||
| Trent University | 700 | ||
| Pepsico Foods (Quaker) | 700 | ||
Manufacturing is the biggest local industry with General Electric and Quaker Oats maintaining large operations in Peterborough. The city is also a 'bedroom' community for workers of General Motors Canada: the GM Oshawa Autoplex is actually the largest industrial employer of Peterborough citizens. The Peterborough Regional Health Centre is the largest employer, followed by school boards and local government.
Companies like General Electric and Outboard Marine, with their high paying manufacturing jobs, had a major impact on the growth of the city. Aging facilities and more expensive labour compared with the developing world worked against the city. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of the early 1990s saw a major shift in trading patterns for many Canadian companies. Other innovations like just in time delivery and pressure to produce ever cheaper goods impacted some of the large multi-nationals in the 1970s and 1980s. Today GE, PepsiCo Quaker, Siemens and numerous smaller manufacturing companies are experiencing significant growth. Minute Maid (Coca-Cola) recently invested $CDN20 million in a new warehouse and product line while auto parts supplier Ventra has doubled in size. Manufacturing job creation kept pace with the provincial average from 1991-2001. Lower costs, reliable labour and high quality post-secondary institutions are a competitive advantage for Peterborough. Peterborough was ranked number one location for business in Ontario by Canadian Business magazine in late 2004.
Peterborough is a single-tier municipality governed by a mayor-council system. The Mayor of Peterborough is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. The Peterborough City Council is a unicameral legislative body, comprising the Mayor and ten city councillors representing five geographical wards of the city. The present wards are as follows;
| Otonabee Ward | Eric Martin and J. Douglas Peacock | ||||
| Monaghan Ward | Henry Clarke and Jack Doris | ||||
| Town Ward | Ann E. Farquharson and Dean Pappas | ||||
| Ashburnham Ward | Patti S. Peeters and Len Vass | ||||
| Northrest Ward | Shirley Eggleton and Bob Hall |
Peterborough City Hall at 500 George Street North in downtown Peterborough and also houses the central offices of Peterborough Social Services. The municipal budget for 2008 for the city is projected to be $190.9 million, an increase from 2007's actual expenditures of $185.4 million, or 2.9%9.
Prior to the city being separated from it, the city was also the seat of Peterborough County. The Peterborough County Court House is located at 470 Water Street and was built between the years of 1838 and 184010 and still holds a portion of the county's offices.
Peterborough is currently represented at the federal level by MP Dean Del Mastro of the Conservative Party of Canada, who has served since the 2006 federal election. At the provincial level, the riding is held by MPP Jeff Leal of the Liberal Party of Ontario, who has held it since the 2003 Ontario election.
Peterborough is located 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of Toronto and is served by provincial Highway 115 (from Highway 401) and the Highway 7 junction, which becomes the Peterborough By-Pass. The eastern segment of Highway 7 was separated from the central segment by 6 km until the creation of the By-Pass. This freeway style highway runs 12.5 km off Highway 115 with five entrance routes into the city. Its entire length is part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Other Provincial Highways important to Peterborough are Highway 7A, which junctions onto Highway 115 just southwest of the city, and Highway 28, which routes from Highway 28 just east of the city to Lakefield and on further north.
The area is also serviced by numerous county roads.
Public transit in the city of Peterborough is currently run by Peterborough Transit, providing a total of 12 regular and 5 express routes throughout the city.
Peterborough Transit's hub is a central terminal located on Simcoe Street in the city's downtown core. It also serves as the regional terminus for Coach Canada (formerly Trentway Wagar) routes into the city. Greyhound Lines of Canada operates an inter-city terminal nearby at the corner of Simcoe and Aylmer Streets, with several daily commuter buses to and from Toronto. GO Transit is currently looking in to establishing a bus service from Peterborough to Oshawa.
Peterborough is served by Canadian Pacific Railway. No passenger services currently exist, but the federal government plans to reinstate them and significant progress had been made in 2008. MP Dean Del Mastro lobbied for passenger rail to be brought back to the small city, and there has been government funding put aside for a Peterborough - Toronto rail link.11
Peterborough Airport is located off Highway 115, just south of the city. It is primarily a recreation and business airport, offering no scheduled flights by any airlines. Its 5000 foot paved runway is the longest between Toronto and Ottawa and sees approximately 31 000 aircraft movements per year.12
Otonabee River is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway, providing a link from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron. The Trent Canal also runs through the very eastern portion of the city and is home to the Peterborough Lift Locks, the highest hydraulic boat lift in the world. The Peterborough Marina is located on Little Lake near where Jackson Creek drains into the lake, beside Del Crary Park and just east of George Street. It contains 90 slips for docking and a host of amenities. 13
The Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board is the public English language school board that takes in the regions of the previous Peterborough County Board of Education and the Northumberland-Clarington Board of Education and covers almost 7,000 square kilometres.14 It serves the communities located in the Kawarthas to the north, and south to Lake Ontario. Hastings County is its eastern border and its western border extends to the City of Kawartha Lakes and to the edge of the City of Oshawa.
The Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board presently operates 82 elementary schools, 15 secondary schools and 4 adult learning centres serving both the urban area and the outlining rural communities.
The Peterborough Victoria Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board is the Catholic (Separate) English language school board for the region.
The Peterborough Victoria Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board presently operates 33 elementary schools and 15 secondary schools.
The Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud is the Catholic (Separate) French language school board for the South-Central region of Ontario, which includes Peterborough.
The Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud presently operates 41 elementary schools and 8 secondary schools, of which the only school in Peterborough is the elementary school Monseigneur-Jamot.
Established in 1964, Trent University is a liberal arts and science oriented institution. Trent's academic focus is on environmental, cultural, and science studies. The main Symons Campus of Trent, located in the city's far north end, is approximately 14.60 square kilometres, over half of which is a part of Trent's Nature Areas, an ecologically diverse wild-life preserve.
Trent University is divided into a series of colleges: Champlain, Lady Eaton, Catharine Parr Traill, Otonabee, Peter Gzowski, and Julian Blackburn. Each college has its own residence hall, dining room, and student government, except Julian Blackburn, which consists only of part-time students, and thus does not require a residence or dining facility.
Established in 1967, Fleming College, (formerly Sir Sandford Fleming College), is a multidisciplinary institution with two primary campuses within the city of Peterborough:
McRae Campus is located in a renovated textile mill located downtown on McDonnel Street.
Sutherland Campus is located on Brealey Drive in the city's west end, and has recently undergone a massive expansion. The new St. Joseph’s at Fleming is the first long-term care facility to be built on a college or university campus. In 2005, the Peterborough Sport & Wellness Centre was constructed to accommodate the college's athletic needs. The college also operates campuses in nearby Lindsay, Cobourg, and Haliburton.
The Peterborough Public Library was established in 1911, and was originally known as Carnegie Library. It now has two branches:
The Main Library, located at 345 Aylmer St. North, is a full service library with a well-stocked current circulating collection of books, CD audio books, CD-Music, DVDs and magazines. In addition to encyclopedias and dictionaries, the Reference Collection includes a local history collection, government documents, electronic resources and microforms selected to answer the information needs of our community. The library was recently used for the filming of the 2008-Bound Motion Picture Jumper.
The DelaFosse Branch, established in 1957, is located in the south end of the city at 729 Park St. South. It is a small neighbourhood branch with a recreational reading collection of approximately 14,000 hardcover and paperback books for all ages. Recent additions to the collection include a variety of multimedia including CDs, DVDs, CD-ROMs, and CD audio books.
The Peterborough Public Library is part of a larger borrowing network that shares a database of materials with The Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board and Asphodel-Norwood Public Library System. This group of libraries is referred to as PACLAN (Peterborough and County Library Automation Network).
Peterborough and the Kawarthas offer a multitude of attractions and events for all demographics. Rich in heritage, the region is host to an amazing array of museums, cultural exhibitions, indoor and outdoor galleries and theatres, Aboriginal heritage attractions and historical sites, as well as a vibrant arts community.
The Peterborough Centennial Museum & Archives is home to a diverse collection of artifacts. It was established in 1897 and moved to its present site on Armour Hill in 1967. The Archives collection includes items from Catharine Parr Traill, the original Peter Robinson papers, the Park Studio Fonds and the Balsillie collection of Roy Studio Images, over 300,000 film and glass plate negatives dating back to 1896.
The Trent-Severn Waterway passes through Peterborough and includes the Peterborough Lift Lock, the world's largest hydraulic lift lock, which opened in 1904. It is also the world's highest lift lock with a rise of 65 feet (19.8 m).
Del Crary Park is a large urban greenspace on Little Lake, located in close proximity to downtown Peterborough that is also home of the Peterborough Yacht Club. Free outdoor events and concerts are held here during the summer months, including the international Festival of Lights fireworks displays, Wednesday and Saturday evenings from June through August. The Art Gallery of Peterborough, opened in 1974, is situated on the shore of Little Lake beside Del Crary Park and features 1,004 pieces from around the world.
Showplace Performance Centre is a 647 seat, state of the art performance facility located downtown that opened in 1996. The Canadian Canoe Museum, located on Monaghan Road, is a unique national heritage centre that explores the canoe's enduring significance to the peoples of Canada.
The Riverview Park & Zoo is a 55.5-acre (225,000 m2) zoo operated by the Peterborough Utilities Group at the North end of Water Street. In addition to its animal exhibits, the zoo features a miniature train ride and the park contains a disc golf course. Admission is free.
Artspace is one of Canada's oldest artist-run art centres, founded in 1974. Its mandate is to support the growth and development of contemporary artists. Artspace maintains a public gallery. Noted artist David Bierk was one of the founding members.
The Peterborough Arts Umbrella is a membership-based arts facility. The PAU is mandated to serve practitioners of all artistic disciplines in Peterborough and surrounding area, and maintains a public gallery. Some services the PAU provides include a digital media centre, rehearsal spaces for music and theatre, workshops, and an accessible gallery for local and Canadian artists.
Peterborough New Dance and Public Energy was founded by Bill Kimball in 1994, and is a presenter and animator of contemporary dance and performance. It is the only full-time presenter of contemporary dance in Ontario outside of Toronto and Ottawa. The organization also supports the development of local dance and performance artists, produces the annual Emergency festival of new dance featuring area artists, and presents indigenous performing artists.
The Peterborough Symphony Orchestra was incorporated in 1967, with historical roots reaching back before the turn of the century. The PSO presents symphonic music. Music Director Michael Newnham has led the organization since 2001, which offers concerts and educational outreach programming to Peterborough and beyond.
The Starfire Band was originally formed in 1999 by Peter Ford. It was an offshoot of the Kawartha Wind Symphony, which was composed of the older generation of musicians. The Starfire band was created for the younger generation of musicians and consists of students from Grade 7 to Grade 12 in the Peterborough area who are interested in music, not necessarily with any or much experience.
Peterborough is also home of the Kawartha Artists Gallery, a group of amateur artists. Formed in 1991, under the leadership of Monica Jackson, the KAGS meets in the basement of the De La Fosse Library in Peterborough's south end. A variety of artists meet there: Weavers, Monday mornings, Life Drawing, Tuesday mornings, Still Life, Wednesday mornings, Portrait, Wednesday afternoons (September-June) and Outdoor Artists, Thursday mornings (indoors October-April). There are a number of single artist and multi-member exhibits in paint(abstract and representational), various media and photography. The annual membership is $40.00.
Peterborough has a resident professional theatre company; New Stages. Founded in 1997 by Randy Read, New Stages produces new Canadian and American plays, and runs a highly successful reading series of "edgier" work. New Stages is a fully equity company and uses both Showplace Peterborough and the Market Hall Performing Arts Centre
Peterborough is well known for its junior level hockey team, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League. The 'Petes' were established in 1956 and have become the longest continuously operating team in the league. The Petes have produced a record number of National Hockey League (NHL) players such as Eric Staal, Jordan Staal, Mike Fisher, Chris Pronger, Steve Yzerman, Bob Gainey, Mike Ricci, Larry Murphy, Tie Domi, and coaches such as Scotty Bowman, Roger Neilson, Mike Keenan, Gary Green, and Dick Todd. They have also graduated the most players to the NHL of all current OHL teams.citation needed
The Peterborough Memorial Centre, constructed in 1956, is the home of the Peterborough Petes and was named in honour of the many war veterans who came from the region. It is located at the east of the exhibition grounds at the corner of Lansdowne and George Streets. In 2003, the Memorial Centre was renovated adding 24 luxury box suites, improved concessions, a licensed restaurant, new seats, boards, scoreboard and the addition of air conditioning.
The city also carries a Tier II Junior "A" team known as the Peterborough Stars that play in the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.The city also has a youth women's hockey team called the Peterborough Ice Kats. Lacrosse is also popular in the area. The city's two major teams are the Peterborough Lakers (defending Major Series Lacrosse champions) and the Peterborough Jr. Lakers.
Peterborough is home to a disproportionately large number of radio stations compared to centres closer to Toronto. This is due in part to Peterborough's location central location in a valley. Peterborough is also home to two television stations. CHEX-TV is a local affiliate to CBC and TVCogeco is a community cable channel provided by Cogeco. Peterborough has two main newspapers, the Peterborough Examiner, which publishes six days a week minus Sunday, and Peterborough This Week, which publishes every Wednesday and Friday.
| Smith-Ennismore-Lakefield |
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| Cavan-Millbrook-North Monaghan | Douro-Dummer | ||||||
| Otonabee-South Monaghan |
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