Below is a list of famous physicists. Many of these from the 20th and 21st centuries are found on the list of recipients of the Nobel Prize in physics.
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- Mozi — China (Around 450BC)
- Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry — Netherlands (1904–1993)
- Ernst Mach — Austria-Hungary (1838–1916)
- Theodore Maiman — USA (1927–2007)
- Ettore Majorana — Italy (1906-1938 presumed dead)
- Juan Martín Maldacena — Argentina (1968– )
- Etienne-Louis Malus — France (1775–1812)
- Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam — Imperial Russia, Soviet Union (1879–1944)
- Peter Mansfield — UK (1933– )
- Carlo Marangoni — Italy (1840–1925)
- Guglielmo Marconi — Italy (1874–1937)
- Henry Margenau — Germany, USA (1901–1977)
- William Markowitz — USA (1907–1998)
- Robert Marshak — USA (1916–1992)
- Walter Marshall — UK (1932–1996)
- Harrie Massey — Australia (1908-1983)
- John Cromwell Mather — USA (1946– )
- James Clerk Maxwell — UK (1831–1879)
- Brian May — UK (1947– )
- Maria Goeppert Mayer — Germany, USA (1906-1972)
- Ronald E. McNair — USA (1950–1986)
- Simon van der Meer — Netherlands (1925- )
- Fulvio Melia — USA (1956- )
- Macedonio Melloni — Italy (1798–1854)
- Lise Meitner — Austria (1878-1968)
- Thomas Corwin Mendenhall — USA (1841–1924)
- Albert Abraham Michelson — USA (1852–1931)
- Stanislav Mikheyev — Russia
- Robert Andrews Millikan — USA (1868–1953)
- Arthur Milne — UK (1896-1950)
- John J. Montgomery — USA (1858-1911)
- Jagadeesh Moodera — India, USA (1950– )
- Rudolf Mössbauer — Germany (1929– )
- Henry Moseley — UK (1887–1915)
- Nevill Mott — UK (1905–1996)
- Ben Roy Mottelson — Denmark, USA (1926- )
- Amédée Mouchez — Spain, France (1821–1892)
- José Enrique Moyal — Palestine, France, UK, USA, Australia (1910-1998)
- Karl Alexander Müller — Switzerland (1927– )
- Richard A. Muller — USA (1944– )
- Robert S. Mulliken — USA (1896–1986)
- Pieter van Musschenbroek — Netherlands (1692-1762)
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- Georges-Louis le Sage — Switzerland (1724–1803)
- Georges Sagnac — France (1869-1926)
- Megh Nad Saha — Bengali India (1893-1956)
- Gilles Saint-Hilaire — Canada (1948– )
- Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov — Soviet Union (1929–1989)
- Oscar Sala — Brazil (1922– )
- Abdus Salam — Pakistan, UK (1926–1996)
- Edwin Ernest Salpeter — Austria, Australia, USA (1924–)
- Vikram Sarabhai — India (1919-1971)
- Jack Sarfatti — USA (1939– )
- Isidor Sauers — Austria (1948- )
- Felix Savart — France (1791–1841)
- Martin Schadt — Switzerland (1938- )
- Arthur Leonard Schawlow — USA (1921-1999)
- Joël Scherk — USA (1946-1979)
- Otto Scherzer — Germany (1909-1982)
- Walter H. Schottky — Germany (1886-1976)
- Kees A. Schouhamer Immink — Netherlands (1946- )
- John Robert Schrieffer — USA (1931- )
- Erwin Schrödinger — Austria-Hungary (1887–1961)
- Melvin Schwartz — USA (1932-2006)
- John Henry Schwarz — USA (1941–)
- Karl Schwarzschild — Germany (1876–1916)
- Julian Schwinger — USA (1918-1994)
- Dennis William Sciama — UK (1926-1999)
- Thomas Johann Seebeck — Estonia (1770–1831)
- Emilio G. Segrè — USA/Italy (1905–1989)
- Frederick Seitz — USA (1911- )
- Nikolay Semyonov — Russia (1896-1986)
- Robert Serber — USA (1909-1997)
- Roman U. Sexl — Austria (1939-1986)
- William Bradford Shockley — USA (1910-1989)
- Lev Shubnikov — Russia, Netherlands, Ukraine (1901-1937)
- Clifford Shull — USA (1915-2001)
- Manne Siegbahn — Sweden (1886-1978)
- Kai Siegbahn — Sweden (1918-2007)
- Ludwik Silberstein — Poland, Germany, Italy, USA, Canada (1872-1948)
- Willem de Sitter — Netherlands (1872-1934)
- Francis G. Slack – USA (1897–1985)
- John C. Slater — USA (1900-1976)
- Louis Slotin — USA (1910-1946)
- Alexei Smirnov — Russia, Italy
- Marian Smoluchowski — Poland (1872-1917)
- George Smoot — USA (1945- )
- Willebrord Snel van Royen (Snellius) — Netherlands (1580–1626)
- Arnold Sommerfeld — Germany (1868-1951)
- Johannes Stark — Germany (1874-1957)
- Max Steenbeck — (1901-1981)
- Jožef Stefan — Austria-Hungary, Slovenia (1835–1893)
- Jack Steinberger — Germany, USA (1921- )
- Karl August von Steinheil — Germany (1801–1870)
- Otto Stern — Germany (1888–1969)
- Simon Stevin — Belgium, Netherlands (1548–1620)
- George Gabriel Stokes — Ireland / UK (1819–1903)
- Horst Ludwig Störmer — Germany (1949– )
- Ernst Stueckelberg — Switzerland (1905–1984)
- George Sudarshan — India, USA (1931– )
- Oleg Sushkov — Australia-Russia (1950- )
- Leonard Susskind — USA (1940- )
- Joseph Wilson Swan — UK (1828–1914)
- Jean Henri van Swinden — Netherlands (1746-1823)
- Bertha Swirles — UK (1903–1999)
- Leó Szilárd — Austria-Hungary, USA (1898–1964)
- Shen Kuo — China (1031 - 1095)
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