Rationalism may refer to:

• Rationalism, a philosophical position, theory, or view that reason is the source of knowledge
• Rationalism (theology), same philosophical theory applied in theology, contrary to revelation
• Rationalist movement, a body of thought, often associated with secular humanism, which maintains that the truth can best be discovered by reason and factual analysis
• Critical rationalism, an epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Raimund Popper
• Rational choice theory, a common approach to explaining actor behavior in the social sciences
• Economic rationalism, an Australian term in discussion of microeconomic policy
• Rationalism (Architecture), an architectural theory
• Rationalization (sociology), a process whereby social actions and interactions become based on considerations of efficiency or calculation rather than on custom, tradition, or emotion
• Pancritical rationalism, a theory by William Warren Bartley developed from panrationalism and critical rationalism

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