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Socioemotional selectivity theory |
The claim of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory - developed by Stanford psychologist, Laura Carstensen - is that people's awareness of how much time they have left in life affects their motivation. The theory has two categories of goals. Future oriented goals aim at knowledge acquisition, career planning, the development of new social relationships and other endeavors that will pay off in the future. Present-oriented goals are aimed at emotion regulation, the pursuit of emotionally gratifying interactions with social partners and other pursuits whose benefits can be realized in the present. When people perceive their future as open ended, they tend to focus on future-oriented goals but when they feel that time is running out, their focus tends to shift towards present-oriented goals. Research on this theory often compares age groups (i.e., young and old adulthood) but the shift in goal priorities is a gradual process that begins in early adulthood. Importantly, the theory contends that it is not age that is causing the goal shifts but age-associated changes in time perspective. Even younger adults have been shown to pursue present-oriented goals when their time perspective is limited by a fatal illness or life changes such as a college graduation and even older adults favor future-oriented goals when they are asked to imagine an extended future for themselves.
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